Question 1

What hardware and apps should I use for telehealth visits for those with hearing impairments?

Accepted Answer

If you see enough patients, you are bound to run into patients who may be hard of hearing or deaf. Persons with disabilities deserve great care. Effective communication is essential to ensure a high quality of care.

Consider using the following computer equipment, hardware setup, and apps, for your telehealth and telepsychiatry visits:

Make sure that there is as little background noise as possible on both sides of the camera. This can be challenging in certain facilities that are inherently noisy, such as jails or inpatient units. Its helpful to have a dedicated office for telepsychiatry that can be insulated against background noise.
Use a high-quality microphone speaker on both sides of the telehealth session. These are easy to use and inexpensive devices. You just plug and play, with a USB port.
If the quality is still not good, you can connect the audio through the telephone while keeping video with the telemedicine platform.
Provide the patient with headphones (noise cancelling preferred). This allows the patient to increase the volume and minimize the diffraction of noise.
There are several closed-captioning apps on the market. Also, some videoconferencing platforms include closed captioning as an option. Just be sure that these technologies are all HIPAA compliant.

Check out our full post on "Telepsychiatry for the Hearing Impaired – Top 10 Tips."

Question 2

How can Orbit Health provide COVID-19 psychiatry services?

Accepted Answer

Identify a small confidential area accessible for clinical use. All you really need is internet access, a desk, and a chair. We will place a video screen there and provide psychiatrists via high quality videoconferencing technology. We can use your existing computers or devices to stream a connection over a web-based telepsychiatry platform. Alternatively, we can provide a portable device that is dedicated to telepsychiatry and is always on. The technologies we use are specifically designed for telehealth encounters and are HIPAA compliant. Clinical encounters are not recorded.

When the patient is ready to be seen, our telepsychiatrist will appear on the screen to provide expert clinical care. After the session, the telepsychiatrist will submit the clinical documentation directly into your electronic health record.

What are the advantages of Orbit Health Telepsychiatry?

Providing telepsychiatry staff with expertise and training in COVID-19 and mental health
Providing psychiatric medication management and psychotherapy
Participating in treatment team meetings and consultation with onsite staff
Increasing patient satisfaction
Improving patient outcomes
Reducing costs of recruiting, hiring, managing and retaining onsite staff

Question 3

What is #endthecycle? Why provide mental health care throughout the legal system?

Accepted Answer

The sad reality is that jails and prisons have become the new asylums. According to the Treatment Advocacy Center, 383,000 individuals with severe psychiatric disease were behind bars in the United States in 2014- roughly equivalent to the size of the city of Cleveland, Ohio. It is tragic and unacceptable that many people who deserve mental health treatment are instead thrown behind bars where they are exposed to trauma and further deterioration.

At Orbit Health, we are determined to disrupt the cycle of mass incarceration of the mentally ill by inserting telepsychiatry at every stage of the criminal justice system. This ensures that people who are vulnerable to incarceration have access to the right care at the right time.

Why is it important to provide mental health care throughout the legal system? People who are in the active phase of a mental illness (psychotic, depressed, manic, etc), are not able to function appropriately within the legal system and can disrupt the courts and correctional facilities. By contrast, when people are adequately treated for the mental illness, they are better able to navigate within the legal system, care for themselves, and stay out of trouble.

Perhaps most importantly, we have an ethical obligation to take care of our fellow man to reduce suffering and protect our communities. Orbit Health is there to help people get the care they need, whether it is at the time of arrest, in court, behind bars, or on parole.

At Orbit Health, we believe that a healthier person means a healthier society. Its time to #endthecycle of mass incarceration of the mentally ill.

Question 4

How can Orbit Health serve residential youth homes?

Accepted Answer

Orbit Health believes in protecting the health and wellbeing of our precious youth, especially those who have mental/emotional problems and developmental disabilities. Working in partnership with residential youth homes, Orbit Health has vast experience serving vulnerable youth remotely, through state-of-the-art videoconferencing technology (“Telepsychiatry”).

At pivotal moments in a child’s journey, we are there to ensure high quality and trauma informed care. Our mission is to keep these children on the right path of life and out of the cycle of mass incarceration.

To learn more, contact Orbit Health today!

Question 5

Has research been done to prove forensic telepsychiatry works? What’s the evidence base?

Accepted Answer

Yes, telepsychiatry has been comparable to in-person care among inmates in jail, prison, and correctional facilities. Video visits with telepsychiatric evaluations are used used to treat inmates with a variety of psychiatric illness in a range of severity, including severe mental illness. Decades of studies demonstrates telepsychiatry’s usefulness.

Vacancies and staffing issues in correctional facilities can impact access to care. Physical space requirements, security requirements, and correctional work culture pressures discourage healthcare providers from working in the correctional facility environment.

Telepsychiatry fills these vacancies, can ease burden on clinicians and providers, and takes less physical space than having more personnel on-site.

With the adoption of telepsychiatry, inmates can be seen early in their incarceration. Patient satisfaction has been shown to be high in forensic psychiatric patients with remote video visits. Acceptability has additionally shown to be high amongst jail personnel.

A meta-analysis — a study of multiple studies — looked at telepsychiatry used in acute settings, including inpatient units. They showed that the quality of clinical interaction is similar to in-person face-to-face encounters, and that telepsychiatry has been cost-effective.

Sources:

Kaftarian, Edward. "Lessons Learned in Prison and Jail-Based Telepsychiatry." Current psychiatry reports 21.3 (2019): 15.
Salmoiraghi A, Hussain S: "A Systematic Review of the Use of Telepsychiatry in Acute Settings" Journal of Psychiatric Practice. 2015; 21 (5):389-93
Brodey et al, 2000. Satisfaction of forensic psychiatry patients with remote telepsychiatric evaluation. Psych Services: Oct 51(10): 1305-7.
Leonard S: "The Successes and Challenges of Developing a Prison Telepsychiatry Service" Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2004; 10 (S1): 69-71
Zaylor C, Whitten P, Kingsley C: "Telemedicine Services to a County Jail" Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2000; 6 (S1): 93-95

Question 6

What's the standard of care for telepsychiatry, compared to in-person care?

Accepted Answer

Telehealth is increasingly being adopted by providers, patients, hospitals, and clinics as a great way of providing access to much needed healthcare. Policymakers and lawmakers have generally fallen behind the current practice and therefore there can be some uncertainty around what standard of care should apply.

Moreover, “Standard of care” can be subject to interpretation based on several factors, including, but not limited to:

Specialty or subspecialty, as it relates to the scope of practice of the provider

The prevailing opinion in telehealth circles is that the standard of care should be based on the location where the patient is located, however, this is not a hard and fast rule. Each state has its own opinions about standards of care for telehealth and multiple jurisdictions can potentially apply.

As a provider, the best way to think about standard of care is to do what a reasonable and prudent provider do in similar circumstances. Reasonable and prudent care often depends on several components, such as:

Patient case factors- although there are no absolute contraindications for telehealth, in rare cases the patient might object to the use of the technology for reasons such as paranoia/fear about being recorded or the technology being hacked, or difficulty keeping themselves in the frame of the camera due to cognitive issues. Also, if the patient is intellectually disabled and does not understand what is going on, perhaps thinking that they are watching TV.
Setting to which care is being delivered- the environment is noisy, distracting, or not private, this can affect the quality of care provided.
Types of technologies being used- if the technology does not allow adequate audio or video, this brings down the quality of assessment and treatment.
Overall framework in which care is being provided- If telepsychiatry is conducted in the absence of other potentially important support for the patient.
Consent- consent requirements are determined by each state. Some states require specific verbal or written consent from the patient to conduct appointments via telehealth. Others do not have this requirement or have not opined on it.
Limitations around AIMS testing. There are ways to conduct AIMS testing remotely, although the provider should be cognizant of potential limitations and this should be factored in the standard of care.

Telepsychiatry, more so than other specialties of telehealth, offers almost the same level of services as onsite psychiatry. Therefore, the standards of care should be considered very similar. In fact, some state medical boards (such as the Medical Board of California) make it clear that the standard of care is the same.

In reality, what a psychiatrist can do remotely may vary somewhat from what can be done in person. For example, a psychiatrist examining a patient remotely through video cannot physically touch the patient to assess for physical conditions such as cogwheel rigidity. In these cases, psychiatrists rely on onsite staff or other ways of obtaining a reasonable amount of information to make a diagnosis and adequate treatment plan.

Ultimately, standards of care can be interpreted in a variety of ways, and telehealth makes it even more vague and sometimes confusing. Therefore, the provider should use their best judgment, considering clinical factors, their means to resources, and the overall nature of the care being provided.

Disclaimer- this article is our best effort to provide useful information and does not constitute legal advice. Please make sure to consult with entities such as state medical boards, their malpractice carrier, and potentially legal counsel prior to practicing healthcare.

Question 7

Does working for the federal government allow you to see patients via telepsychiatry, wherever you are?

Accepted Answer

Working for the federal government does not necessarily allow you to see patients via telepsychiatry, wherever you are. While there are no absolute contraindications to patients being assessed or treated using telemental health, you have to check with your supervisor — and any applicable administrative rules and trainings — for these rules.

Ask your supervisor about federal telework agreements, contingency plans for persons who appear in-person or who are unable to connect by video, and whether support staff are available to guide your patient in case of an outage.

Furthermore, telemedicine requires you to know which state a patient is located. You would need to follow that state's licensing laws and regulations. Usually, this means you must have a license to practice in that patient's state, have malpractice cover your practice in that state. Some states allow for a single state license to cover multiple states — the Interstate Licensure Compact, for instance — but not all states participate in this.

Resources, such as the American Medical Association Telehealth quick guide, can help you determine which laws apply.

Question 8

How can telepsychiatry help during COVID-19?

Accepted Answer

Right now, most Americans are stuck inside their homes, while the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic continues across the U.S. and worldwide. Normal business functions have, for the most part, shut down indefinitely. Many people, however, need services beyond food and water. Staying mentally healthy during these difficult times is one of the most challenging parts of the entire ordeal, and also one of the most important. The field of telepsychiatry allows individuals who are subject to shelter-in-place orders to get the mental health services they need without having to risk physical proximity near other individuals.

Question 9

Are there certain conditions that benefit more from remote care for group therapy?

Accepted Answer

There is insufficient research to determine if group therapy done remotely is more suited for a specific type of patient.

However, remote care is often less intimidating than being in person. For example, a patient with an anxiety disorder such as social phobia or agoraphobia may be reluctant to put themselves in front of a group of strangers for the first time. They may be more likely to participate in remote groups instead.

Question 10

Is telepsychiatry as effective as in-person sessions?

Accepted Answer

The psychiatric professionals at Orbit Health are among the best in the industry. They can provide clinical diagnoses, treatments, and effective outcomes, as well as increase community health in wellness, especially in underserved areas.

The lack of physical proximity does not inhibit our experts’ ability to diagnose and treat patients suffering from any number of psychiatric conditions. The level of privacy and confidentiality is the same as in-person care.

Research shows that telepsychiatry is just as effective as in-person, face-to-face care. Many patients, in fact, find that psychiatric treatment via videoconferencing is less intimidating or embarrassing. Patients, psychiatrists, and other professionals have all reported high levels of satisfaction with telepsychiatry since its inception.